Adaptive Rowing is Rowing or Sculling for athletes with a disability who meet the criteria set out in the Adaptive Rowing classification regulations. Adaptive implies that the equipment is "adapted" to the user to practice the sport, rather than the sport being "adapted" to the user.

The International Rowing Federation (FISA) is the sole world governing body for Rowing. The sport was introduced to the Paralympic programme in 2005 and will hold its first Paralympic competitions at the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games.

Adaptive Rowing is open to male and female athletes, and is currently divided into four boat classes which are part of FISA's World Championships programme: LTA4+, TA2x, AW1x and AM1x.The LTA4+ and TA2x are mixed gender boats. Races are held over 1000 metres for all four events (although LTA4+ was raced over 2000m until the FISA 2005 World Rowing Championships).